Halitosis, another word for bad breath, can be embarrassing for those who have it.  That's why Dr. Edward Reifman, a dentist in Encino, has devoted part of his website to the topic.  "People used to be shy about it, but we've had a lot of people come in after seeing the site," he says.  "They usually say their husband or wife is complaining."

   Reifman says that although a few cases of bad breath may result from colds and flus or stomach problems, about 95 percent come from bacteria found naturally in the mouth, which produce a 'rotten egg' or sulfur-like smell.  Dry mouth, caused by illness, treatments like chemotherapy or medications such as antidepressants, can also contribute to the problem, Reifman says.  That's because saliva is a cleansing agent.  

   In cases where the patient doesn't have these conditions, the solution may be as simple as a more aggressive dental regimen, Reifman says.

   In addition to periodic cleanings by a dental hygienist, he suggests employing what he calls "the big four."  This begins with brushing teeth after meals, and using a tongue scraper at home.  Flossing is also key, and using an unscented variety make it easier to detect areas of the mouth that give off odors, he says.

   In addition, Reifman recommends using a mouthwash that contains chlorine dioxide, which destroys sulfur-containing molecules.  "I personally like BreathRx, or  Crest prohealth, but there's a lot of good products out there.  Check the label carefully," he says.  "It's a very competitive market, and there are lots of products out there, and not all of them are effective."